심리학의 원리/심리학의 원리2
Public Group active 2 years, 11 months agoSome of these qualities, since they are more constant, interesting, or practically important, we regard as essential constituents of the thing. It is probable therefore that an extremely rapidly induced condition of trance is a prerequisite for success in these experiments. Suggest to a ‘Subject’ in the hypnotic trance that a sheet of paper has a red cross upon it, then pretend to remove the imaginary cross, whilst you tell the Subject to look fixedly at a dot upon the paper, and he will presently tell you that he sees a ‘bluish-green’ cross. The enigmatic reports of the effect of magnets and metals, even if they be due, as many contend, to unintentional suggestion on the operator’s part, certainly involve hyperæsthetic perception, for the operator seeks as well as possible to conceal the moment when the magnet is brought into play, and yet the subject not only finds it out that moment in a way difficult to understand, but may develop effects which (in the first instance certainly) the operator did not expect to find.
I am myself a very poor visualizer, and find that I can seldom call to mind even a single letter of the alphabet in purely retinal terms. Finally, Fechner speaks of the impossibility of attending to both after-images and imagination-images at once, even when they are of the same object and might be expected to combine. If the patient, lying in bed, had, immediately after the tying of his eyes, to lay the left leg over the right, it often happened that he moved it farther over towards the left, and that it lay over the side of the bed in apparently the most intolerably-uncomfortable position. We saw near the end of Chapter XIX that a candle-image taking exclusive possession of the mind in this way would probably acquire the sensational vividness. All these differences are true of Fechner; but many of them would be untrue of other persons. So when the eating began, I politely explained that I wasn’t feeling well and that I would just have some water and apple juice. Many affirm that they can see an entire word at once, especially a short one like ‘dog,’ with no such feeling of creating the letters successively by tracing them with the eye.–W.
The same lack of exact proportion between size of feeling and size of organ affected obtains within the limits of particular sensory organs. Some of this incapacity is unquestionably due to general mental confusion at the new experience, and to the excessively unfavorable conditions for perception which an eye with its lens just extirpated affords. A sensitive surface which has to be excited in all its parts at once can yield nothing but a sense of undivided largeness. One of the charms of drunkenness unquestionably lies in the deepening of the sense of reality and truth which is gained therein. Has the mind such a structure or not? From this world’s objects he does not appeal. The cortical currents which run in run right out again, awakening the next ideas; the level of tension in the cells does not rise to the higher explosion-point; and the latter must be gained by a sudden current from the periphery or not at all. It must be either an intrinsic resistance, some force of cohesion in the neural molecules themselves; or an extrinsic influence, due to other cortical cells. 233. For other cases see Tuke’s Influence of Mind upon Body, chaps. In cases of this sort, where points receiving an identical kind of excitement are, nevertheless, felt to be locally distinct, and the objective irritants are also judged multiple,–e.g., compass-points on skin or stars on retina,–the ordinary explanation is no doubt just, and we judge the outward causes to be multiple because we have discerned the local feelings of their sensations to be different.
What you have no idea of you cannot miss; and their not definitely missing this great region out of their sight seems due to the fact that their very idea and memory of it is lost along with the sensation. It is a real optical sensation, seeming introspectively to have nothing to do with locomotor or other suggestions. Drawing the radii inside of one of the right angles in the same figure makes it seem larger than the other. 55 be the parallel rays, each of them will fall upon the nasal half of the retina which it strikes. A diagram will make this clear. Take again the contractions of the muscles which make the eyeball rotate. In the directer consciousness fewer, in the remoter more, associative processes are brought into play. When I seek to represent a row of soldiers marching, all I catch is a view of stationary legs first in one phase of movement and then in another, and these views are extremely imperfect and momentary. It is hardly needful to say that in modern primary education, in which the blackboard is so much used, the children are taught their letters, etc., by all possible channels at once, sight, hearing, and movement.
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